Python is an interpreted, interactive language.
Official site: http://www.python.org/
To get started read the tutorial by Guido van Rossum (creator of the Python programming language).
Multi-paradigm:
Comes with many modules for: XML parsing, operating on tree objects, compression, network programming, regular expressions, URL parsing, hash functions, ...
Since python is interpreted it is slow, however critical parts of a program can be implemented in C, using SWIG if you want.
Python is pre-installed on many Linux distributions, however python is platform independent.
Installation (as usual): ./configure; make; su; make install
My examples have been tested with Python 2.5 (current version).